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It depends on whether you are a hobby miner or a self-employed (business) miner. Here are some of the measures that the IRS provides for determining which camp you are in:
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The manner in which the taxpayer carries on the activity
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The expertise of the taxpayer or his advisors
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The time and effort expended by the taxpayer in carrying on the activity
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Expectation that assets used in activity may appreciate in value
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The success of the taxpayer in carrying on other similar or dissimilar activities
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The taxpayer’s history of income or losses with respect to the activity
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The amount of occasional profits, if any, which are earned
As you can see, there is some amount of subjectivity to the classification. As an example, if you have a full-time custom mining rig, you are probably a business, and if you are randomly doing some mining on an old computer, you are probably a hobbyist. In both cases you will need to report your mined coins as taxable ordinary income and your basis will be the fair market value at the time you receive the coins.
Hobbyists
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Income will go on line 21 (other income) of your Form 1040 Schedule 1 (Additional Income and Adjustments to Income)
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Expenses directly associated with mining will go on a Schedule A form (Itemized Deductions); miscellaneous subject to 2% of AGI limitation (does not apply in 2018 onward)
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Your income is not subject to the 15.3% self-employment tax (only normal income tax), however you receive fewer and less valuable deductions against your income
Business Miners
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Income and expenses both go on a Schedule C form (Profit or Loss from Business)
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Your income is subject to the 15.3% self-employment tax, though there are more valuable deductions against your income
Note: the rules are different in Canada and the United Kingdom